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Suicide by pilot is an aviation disaster in which a pilot deliberately crashes or attempts to crash an aircraft as a way to kill himself and sometimes passengers on board or people on the ground. This is sometimes described as a murder-suicide.〔Charles Bremner (Paris), 26 March 2015, The Times, (Locked door boosts pilot suicide theory ), Retrieved 26 March 2015〕 It is suspected as being a possible cause of the crashes of several commercial flights. Generally, it is difficult for crash investigators to determine the motives of the pilots, since they sometimes act deliberately to turn off recording devices or otherwise hinder future investigations.〔RICHARD LLOYD PARRY, 16 December 2000, The Independent, (Singaporean air crash that killed 104 was suicide by pilot, say investigators ), Retrieved 26 March 2015, "...An airliner which crashed into an Indonesian swamp, killing all 104 people on board, was an apparent suicide attempt by the pilot, ... the cockpit voice and data recorders had been switched off half a minute before the aircraft began its descent."〕 As a result, pilot suicide can be difficult to prove with certainty.〔Toby Young, 16 March 2014, The Telegraph, (Could a four-year-old thriller unlock the mystery of flight MH370? ), Retrieved 26 March 2015, "...If this was a case of "suicide-by-pilot", why do we still know so little about the motive? I..."〕〔31 March 2014, The Guardian, (MH370: authorities release new account of pilot's final words: Malaysia's civil aviation authority say pilot's final words heard by air traffic control were 'goodnight Malaysian three seven zero' ), Retrieved 26 March 2015, "...Malaysia says the plane, which disappeared less than an hour into its flight, was likely to have been diverted deliberately far off course. Investigators have determined no apparent motive or other red flags among the 227 passengers or the 12 crew. ..."〕 Pilot suicides account for less than one percent of all aircraft fatalities. Suicide by aircraft also represents a tiny percentage of overall suicides. Investigators do not qualify aircraft incidents as suicide unless there is compelling evidence that the pilot was doing so. This evidence would include suicide notes, previous attempts, threats of suicide, or a history of mental illness. In a study of pilot suicides from 2002-2013, eight cases were identified as definite suicides, with five additional cases of undetermined cause that may have been suicides. Most cases of suicide by pilot involve general aviation in small aircraft. In most of these, the pilot is the only person on board the aircraft. In about half of the cases, the pilot was using drugs, usually alcohol or anti-depressants, that would ban them from flying. Many of these pilots had mental illness histories that they had hidden from regulators.〔 When authorities examine such crashes, investigators check for links to extremist groups to try to make a determination about whether the crash was an act of terrorism.〔Sara Noble, 26 March 2015, Independent Sentinel, (Co-Pilot Deliberately Crashed Flight 9525 ), Retrieved 26 March 2015, "..., pictured above, deliberately killed himself and 154 other... deliberately put into a deliberate dive by the co-pilot before the crash....It’s not being called an act of terror or of suicide by pilot. It’s a different act of terror... had no obvious terror ties..."〕〔March 2015, The Independent, (... Co-pilot of crashed Germanwings flight 9525 'wanted to destroy plane in suicide and mass murder mission' )〕〔Jane Onyanga-Omara, 19 January 2015, USA Today, (No evidence of terrorism in AirAsia crash ), Retrieved 27 March 2015, "...Investigators have found no evidence so far that terrorism was involved in the crash of AirAsia Flight 8501, ..."〕 Terrorism experts have been called in to investigate suspicious crashes, such as the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.〔27 March 2014, The New Zealand Herald, (Flight MH370: Terrorism expert backs theory of pilot suicide flight ), Retrieved 27 March 2015, "...University of Canterbury Professor Greg Newbold, who lectures on terrorism, said the only person who could have changed MH370's computerised flight plan and switched off its electronics was someone who was highly experienced...."〕 ==World War II suicide attacks on a ground target== (詳細はWorld War II, the Russian aviator Nikolai Gastello was the first Soviet pilot credited with a (later disputed) "fire taran", a suicide attack by an aircraft on a ground target.〔()〕 In the following years there were more suicide attacks. The best known Suicide attacks by military aviators are the attacks from the Empire of Japan, called kamikaze, against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II. These attacks were designed to destroy warships more effectively than was possible with conventional attacks were between and in which 3,860 kamikaze pilots committed suicide. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suicide by pilot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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